Industrial Safety Guard: Working Principles, Types and Applications of Bursting Discs

Bursting disc, also known as safety bursting disc, pressure relief disc or rupture disc, is a safety device widely used in industrial equipment. Its main function is to automatically rupture and release pressure when the internal pressure of the equipment abnormally rises above the preset value, so as to prevent the equipment from exploding or being seriously damaged due to overpressure, thereby protecting personnel safety and equipment integrity.

Structure and principle of bursting disc

The basic structure of a bursting disc is very simple. It is usually made of a thin metal plate or special material, and a bursting pressure value is preset. When the internal pressure of the equipment reaches or exceeds this preset value, the bursting disc will rupture quickly, forming a pressure relief channel, so that the high-pressure fluid can be discharged quickly, thereby reducing the internal pressure of the equipment to a safe range.

Types of bursting discs

According to different materials, shapes and application scenarios, bursting discs can be divided into many types:

Metal bursting discs: made of metal materials such as stainless steel, aluminum, copper, etc., suitable for most industrial applications.

Non-metal bursting discs: such as bursting discs made of plastic or composite materials, suitable for specific chemical media.

Score bursting discs: Pre-scores are made on the metal sheet to control the rupture direction and shape and reduce the generation of fragments.

Thin film bursting disc: usually made of polymer materials, suitable for applications with lower pressure and temperature.

Advantages of bursting disc

As a passive safety device, bursting disc has the following significant advantages:

Quick response: The bursting disc can respond to pressure changes in a short time (usually milliseconds), quickly release high pressure, and reduce reaction time.

Strong reliability: The bursting disc has a simple structure, low failure rate, and almost no maintenance.

High cost-effectiveness: Compared with complex active pressure relief systems, the manufacturing cost and maintenance cost of bursting discs are low.

Wide applicability: Applicable to various pressure vessels, piping systems, reactors, etc., and can cope with a variety of chemical media and environmental conditions.

Installation and use precautions

When installing and using bursting discs, you need to pay attention to the following points:

Accurately set the bursting pressure: According to the operating pressure and safety requirements of the equipment, accurately set the bursting pressure of the bursting disc to ensure that it can act in time when needed.

Ensure the correct installation position: The bursting disc should be installed at the highest pressure point of the equipment or the area where pressure is most likely to accumulate.

Regular inspection: Although bursting discs require almost no maintenance, they still need to be checked during regular equipment inspections to ensure that they are not damaged or corroded.

Spare devices: In some key equipment, it is recommended to install spare bursting discs or other pressure relief devices to deal with emergencies.

Conclusion

As an important safety device in industrial equipment, bursting discs are simple, reliable and efficient, making them indispensable in various application scenarios. By properly selecting and using bursting discs, equipment overpressure accidents can be effectively prevented, production safety and equipment life can be guaranteed. With the continuous advancement of industrial technology, the materials and designs of bursting discs are also being optimized to meet higher safety requirements.

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